surrounding academic buildings are of red brick. In the older structures,
limestone trim was wisely limited, but unrestrained use of trim in the
more recent work detracts from the serenity of the general effect.

The most recent buildings were not happily designed. Sixteen-story John
Jay Hall, at the south end of the college quadrangle, is so disturbingly
high that it destroys the harmony of the whole lower end of the campus.
South Hall, the new library, fits badly into the group, largely because it
clashes in scale with the near-by buildings.

Columbia has not escaped the accusation of applying mass production
methods to higher education, and has been called "a factory of education."
Certainly a corporation that has six thousand employees, thirty thousand
customers, an annual budget of more than ten million dollars, and is one
of the largest landowners in the city, cannot avoid the appearance of an
industry. The likeness is enhanced by the fact that a large part of the
university's capital resources of more than $150,000,000 is invested in real
estate and securities of railroads and large industrial corporations, and is
supervised by directors and trustees whose names are associated with big
business. Harvard is the only wealthier university in the country.

It was during the presidency of Nicholas Murray Butler, who took office
in 1902, that the university achieved its present physical and cultural di-
mensions. Under Dr. Butler's guidance, the growth of Columbia was re-
markable even in a period of nation-wide educational expansion. Many
institutions, both foreign and domestic, have called him a "great liberal"
in granting him academic honors. Some detractors have charged him with
being a "devout servant of vested wealth." There is general agreement,
however, that he was largely responsible for broadening the appeal of
higher education. One of the innovations credited to him is the use of
modern publicity methods in the field of learning. For every student en-
rolled in Columbia when Dr. Butler became president, today there are
seven.

The Riverside Church

Riverside Drive and 122d St. IRT Broadway-7th Ave. subway to 125th St.; or 5th
Ave. bus No. 4 to 122d St.; or Broadway surface car to 122d St. Hours: daily,
church 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.; observation tower 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., admission 25c.

The Riverside Church, set on a commanding eminence overlooking the
Hudson, is associated with the names of Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick, pas-
tor since its beginning, and a member, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., whose fi-